Faith and Philosophy
Faith is not an answer; it is a posture of continuous questioning. From theological reasoning, to the situation of faith in contemporary society, to the cross-disciplinary dialogue between faith and language in the AI era—this collection gathers 15 articles on faith and philosophy.
Theological Reasoning
The test of faith is not in good times but in how you face what cannot be explained.
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God Beyond Definition: Why Theology Needs the Courage of Negation
We habitually use language to define God, but true theological wisdom lies in acknowledging the limitations of language. Apophatic theology reminds us: saying what God 'is not' brings us closer to reality than claiming what God 'is.' In an age of rampant certainty, this courage of negation is actually a deeper form of faith.
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The Fundamentalist Trap: When Faith Transforms from Inquiry to Judgment
The core problem of fundamentalism is not doctrinal content, but its obsession with certainty. When a person believes they possess the complete truth, they lose the ability to listen and dialogue. Faith transforms from a journey of constant inquiry and humility into a frozen system that tolerates no challenge. This article explores the cost of certainty, the power of humility, and how faith can maintain its capacity to breathe while preserving core beliefs.
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The Collapse and Reconstruction of Faith: Understanding the Nature of Religion Through the 1995 Leap Month Prophecy
The 1995 leap month prophecy debacle was the most painful lesson in Taiwan's church history. When fear replaced thought and prophecy replaced theology, believers sold their homes to emigrate while churches fanned the flames—and in the end, no one apologized. Looking back thirty years later, this was not just a collective mistake, but revealed a fundamental problem: faith communities lacking theological reflection have no immunity when facing fear. Faith's collapse is not because God doesn't exist, but because we built our faith on sand.
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The Real Context of the Reformation: When Faith Meets Printing and Politics
The Reformation wasn't just a story of faith awakening, but the result of technological communication and political power struggles. Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, without the viral retweeting of printing technology and political protection from local nobles, might have remained a forgotten academic debate. Understanding the real context of reform is the beginning of being responsible to both history and faith.
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Even Broken Crutches Provide Support: Humbly Facing the Faith of the Elderly Generation
Faced with the elders' enthusiasm for merit economics and religious merit theory, the younger generation often tries to deconstruct these with reason. However, for the elderly who have lost their life's center, these beliefs are real spiritual support. True humility is acknowledging the limitations of reason and embracing these forces that accompany the elderly on their journey forward.
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Faith Offers No Immunity: When Religious Rationality Collides with the Physics of Viruses
In February 2020, the cluster infection at the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in South Korea showed the world a stark collision between religious rationality and social rationality. When faith communities believed that 'God will protect us' and ignored disease prevention protocols, they didn't just endanger themselves—they endangered society as a whole. This is not an anti-religion argument, but a believer's deep reflection on their own community.
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Moral Man, Immoral Society: Why Good People Do Bad Things When They Come Together
In 1932, Niebuhr made an observation that remains sharp today: individuals can be moral, but groups—corporations, nations, political parties—behave almost inevitably selfishly. This isn't because there are too many bad people, but because institutional logic is more powerful than individual conscience. Understanding this gap is the first step in facing social reality and the starting point for driving meaningful change.
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Elite Arrogance and Youth's Way Forward
Sandel points out that elitism makes the successful believe everything depends on themselves, forgetting luck and systemic support. This creates social rifts and burdens young people with unfair pressure. The way forward isn't climbing harder, but rebuilding a society that respects every contribution.
Faith and Contemporary Issues
When faith meets the boundary conflicts of modern society, the answers are never simple.
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AI Cannot Replace Faith: A Lesson from the Pope for the 'Efficiency-First' Generation
Pope Leo XIV's call for priests to resist the temptation of using AI to write homilies is not merely pastoral guidance for the Church, but reveals a fundamental question: when efficiency logic penetrates humanity's deepest expressions of faith, what exactly do we lose?
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Theological Reflection on Same-Sex Marriage: Between Love and Law, Can Faith Breathe?
When same-sex marriage becomes a flashpoint of conflict between church and society, most Christians find themselves anxious about 'choosing sides.' But genuine theological reflection is not about giving the right answer—it's about learning to think within tension. The conflict between love and law is not a problem to be solved, but a burden faith must learn to carry.
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When Nudity Becomes Language: Body Grammar and Algorithmic Symbiosis in the Digital Age
In an era dominated by the attention economy, nudity is no longer merely erotic or provocative, but a linguistic technology and self-preservation strategy selected and amplified by algorithms. Bodies become nodes in traffic insurance and data systems. Facing standardized body grammar, we must reclaim the right to write and view our own bodies.
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162 Files Declassified, Zero Aliens: An Order Test for the Age of 'Truth Pending'
On May 8, 2026, the Pentagon released 162 declassified UAP files at war.gov/UFO — 14 images, 28 videos, 120 documents — while officially stating there is no evidence of extraterrestrials. What this disclosure actually reveals isn't anything in the sky; it's three structural failures in how we handle the unknown.
Cross-Disciplinary Dialogue (AI × Faith × Language)
When AI can generate theological texts, where do the boundaries of "truth" lie?
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On Language, Truth, and Contradiction: My Dialogue with ChatGPT 5
The fundamental opacity of language is not a defect, but the basic state of real existence. AI cannot lie, but that doesn't make it reliable. A philosophical dialogue with ChatGPT 5, exploring how the boundaries of language are the boundaries of the world. This article is designed for parallel reading with the Gemini version.
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On Language, Truth, and Contradiction: A Dialogue with Gemini Pro 2.5
Language is inherently ambiguous, and AI's training data consists precisely of this human language. AI hasn't overcome ambiguity—it has devoured vast amounts of ambiguity to make predictions. AI's 'imprecision' is a structural inevitability of probabilistic models. Facing this structural dishonesty, humans must maintain the capacity for skepticism and verification.
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The Necessity of Incarnation: A Philosophical Argument for Embodied AI Development
AI's core deficiency is not technical, but ontological. Drawing from the Christian theological framework of incarnation, this argues that embodiment is not an optional feature for AI development, but a necessary condition for achieving true intelligence.